[Database] FGA(Fine Grained Auditing)

대상 테이블에 대한 Before/After의 값이 보존할 필요가 없을 경우에는 2개의 대상 테이블에 대해 DB기능인 FGA(Fine Grained Auditing)를 설정하시면, 별도의 Trigger 생성 없이 Auditing 이 가능하다.
FGA를 통해 DML 이력뿐만아니라, SELECT 이력도 가능하면, 또한, 특정 조건의 데이터 및 특정 컬럼에 대해서만도 설정가능하다.

이때 Auditing 되는 정보는 DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL에 정보들이 로깅된다.

DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL displays all audit records for fine-grained auditing.
Column Datatype NULL Description
SESSION_ID NUMBER NOT NULL Session id of the query
TIMESTAMP DATE   Date and time of the query in the local database session time zone
DB_USER VARCHAR2(30)   Database username who executed the query
OS_USER VARCHAR2(255)   Operating system username who executed the query
USERHOST VARCHAR2(128)   Client host machine name
CLIENT_ID VARCHAR2(64)   Client identifier in each Oracle session
ECONTEXT_ID VARCHAR2(64)   Application execution context identifier
EXT_NAME VARCHAR2(4000)   External name
OBJECT_SCHEMA VARCHAR2(30)   Owner of the table or view
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128)   Name of the table or view
POLICY_NAME VARCHAR2(30)   Name of the Fine-Grained Auditing Policy
SCN NUMBER   System change number (SCN) of the query
SQL_TEXT NVARCHAR2(2000)   SQL text of the query
SQL_BIND NVARCHAR2(2000)   Bind variable data of the query
COMMENT$TEXT VARCHAR2(4000)   Comments
STATEMENT_TYPE      VARCHAR2(7)   Statement type of the query: SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
EXTENDED_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE   Timestamp of the query in UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) time zone
PROXY_SESSIONID NUMBER   Proxy session serial number, if an enterprise user has logged in through the proxy mechanism
GLOBAL_UID VARCHAR2(32)   Global user identifier for the user, if the user has logged in as an enterprise user
INSTANCE_NUMBER NUMBER   Instance number as specified by the INSTANCE_NUMBER initialization parameter
OS_PROCESS VARCHAR2(16)   Operating System process identifier of the Oracle process
TRANSACTIONID RAW(8)   Transaction identifier of the transaction in which the object is accessed or modified
STATEMENTID NUMBER   Numeric ID for each statement run (a statement may cause many actions)
ENTRYID NUMBER   Numeric ID for each audit trail entry in the session